
Half a Ton 
of Butter 
per Cow 
/ear 




Copyright, 1910 

Wilmer Atkinson Co. 

First Edition 

Tenth Thousand 




(gCU278275 



Half a Ton of Butter 
Per Cow Per Year 



BY 

Hugh G. Van Pelt 

Feeder of the Winning' Dairy Herd in the Cow Demonstration at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904 



Others Have Done It 
Why Not You? 



Published by 

WILMER ATKINSON CO., 

Philadelphia 
1910 

Price, 25 Cents 






ir< 



Contents 



Page 

i xtroductiox 5 

Cows Producing More Than 1,000 Pounds of Butter ix a Year... 7 

Yeska Sunbeam, the First Cow to Do It 9 

Performance of Colantha 4th's Johanna 11 

Record Making Feat of Jacoba Irene 15 

The Guernsey Cow, Dolly Dimple 17 

Record of Olga 4th's Pride 19 

Adelaide of Beechlands 21 

Dairymaid of Pinehurst '.- 23 

Great Records of Grade Cows 24 

The Time to Start Better Methods and How to Begin 28 

Air Treatment for Milk Fever 31 

How to Raise the Cow to Her Largest Milk Output 32 

How Much to Feed 33 

How to Prepare the Cow's First Month's Rations 33 

How to Keep the Cow at Her Maximum Output 3? 

Lessons From the Feeding of the 1,000- Pound Cows 37 

Large Rations Necessary for Large Results 37 

Cow Must xot be Overfed 3$ 

Good Care and Management 39 

S helter 39 

Fresh Air and Sunlight 39 

Feed and Milk Regularly 40 

Fall the Best Time for Freshening 40 

Taking the Chill From the Water 41 

Hired Help Problem Solved by Fall Freshexing 41 

The Folly of Pasturing too Early 41 

Summer Comforts for the Cow That Pay 43 

Fall Maxagemext 44 

Importaxce of Kxowixg Each Cow and How to Know Her 45 

The Scales and the Milk Sheet 46 

The Babcock Test ? 47 

It Pays to Take Time to Test thc JMilk 47 

Sacrifice of xot Kxowixg the Ability of Each Cow 49 

Buildixg up a Better Herd 40 

How to Select a Sire 50 

Which Breed 50 

Raising Calves 51 

Best Age to Sell Calves 52 

What Denmark's Dairymen Have Doxe 52 

W t hat One Dairy Farmer has Done 53 

Dairying Compared With Grain Farmixg 53 

Dairying Remaking New England Farms 54 

The Dairy Cow a Home Builder 54 

4 



INTRODUCTION 

In round numbers the wealth produced each year by the 
cows of the United States is $800,000,000 — an amount equal to 
one-ninth of all the wealth returned from agriculture. 

This sounds like an immense amount. It is. But we find 
it anything but a remarkable figure when we remember that 
22,000,000 cows are required to yield this wealth. Of this num- 
ber 7,000,000 are actually milked at a loss, 7,000,000 barely pay 
for their feed, while all the profits from dairy products are earned 
by the other 8,000.000 cows. 

In other words, if the farmer were to butcher the 14,000,000 
unprofitable cows his net profits from dairying would be con- 
siderably larger. 

Such a course would mean a big decrease in the total butter 
yield and a great scarcity of dairy products. This would never 
do. Already the demand exceeds the supply. Besides, the farm 
would be robbed of a great amount of fertility. 

Clearly the proper course is not to reduce the number of 
cows, but if possible to increase the productiveness of each cow. 
Can the cow's average butter yield be increased? It can, ma- 
terially. With few exceptions the cow of to-day is not a bit bet- 
ter than the cow of a century ago. In summer she is allowed 
to shift for herself. Little care is taken in breeding. She is fed 
and sheltered in a haphazard manner through the winter, and 
often carelessly milked at irregular hours. 

The bare truth is, the farmer has not yet put into the breed- 
ing, feeding and care of his cows the same spirit of progress 
which replaced the cradle with the harvester and the hoe with 
the cultivator. 

He is getting on the average only 140 pounds of butter per 
year from each cow. This amount can be made twice as large 
by the adoption of proper methods of feeding, and again doubled 
by careful breeding that will do away with profitless cows and 
keep developing the profit-making ability of the good cows. 

The success which has been achieved along these very lines, 
by a certain class of dairymen who have made a study and a 
business of dairying, proves that we are not overstating. 

Great advance has been made by these progressive dairymen 
toward building up herds of high butter average. They have 
demonstrated that dairying, properly conducted, will pay the 
farmer surer, bigger and more uniform profits than any other 
branch of agriculture. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



During the past four years seven cows have yielded the un- 
precedented amount of 1,000 pounds of butter or over in a year, 
under authenticated tests. 

This not only reveals the possibilities of butter production 
which exist in the cow, but proves how practical and valuable 
are the methods used by leading dairymen, and that there must 
be secrets known to the breeders and feeders of these cows that 
would be of greatest value to all dairymen. 

Not one of these record-making cows could have reached 
the 1,000-pound mark had they been confined in dark, clamp, 
cold, poorly ventilated barns with nothing to eat except timothy- 
hay, corn, straw and corn fodder — given little care and attention, 
and carelessly milked at irregular intervals. 

While it cannot be expected that all or even a majority of 
the rank and file of milk cows can be developed into 1 ,000-pound 
cows, there are thousands of cows capable of producing from 
500 to 1,000 pounds of butter. They are giving less because they 
are not getting feed of sufficient nourishment, are not properly 
quartered, etc. 

The methods which were used successfully to develop the 
1,000-pound cows, and the many other hints of feeding and caring 
for cows used by the most successful dairymen as set forth in 
this book, can be put into profitable practice by every cow owner 
in the United States, whether he has a herd of 100 or whether he 
pastures just one cow on a vacant city lot. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



Cows Producing More Than 1,000 
Pounds of Butter in a Year 



The world is just beginning to realize the wonderful possi- 
bilities that exist in the dairy cow. That a cow capable of pro- 
ducing 1,000 pounds of butter in a year could be developed would 
have been jeered at as recently as ten years ago. 

The records given in this book have been accepted by the 
breed associations to which the cows belong, and are considered 
by such associations as absolutely correct and honest. The mak- 
ing of wonderful records is yet in its infancy, and in years to 
come there will be scores of cows that will pass the half-ton mark 
of butter in a year's time. Hundreds of dairy cows are now 
undergoing yearly authenticated tests. The number can only be 
estimated, but roughly speaking it is safe to say from 1,500 to 
2 3 ooo. 

In none of these tests was the butter actually churned from 
day to day. The production of butterfat was determined by 
weighing the milk at each milking, testing it with the Babcock 
test to determine the percentage of butterfat contained in the 
milk, multiplying the pounds of milk by the percentage of but- 
terfat, and thus determining the total pounds of butterfat per 
day, week, month and year. 

There is some difference of opinion relative to the amount 
of extra weight, or overrun, as it is technically termed, that 
should be added to the actual butterfat found in the milk by the 
Babcock test. The Federal laws of the United States permit the 
buttermaker to incorporate in every 100 pounds of butter that 
he manufactures 16 pounds of water, in addition to the salt and 
curd that naturally become associated with the butterfat. 

It is, therefore, possible for the buttermaker oftentimes to 
secure an overrun of from 20 to 23 per cent. Many breeders of 
dairy cattle believe because of this fact that the cow should be 
given credit of at least 20 per cent, more of actual commercial 
butter than she has produced butterfat. 

In this manner the total amount of butterfat determined by 
the Babcock test has been taken as the basis and the cow given 
credit with from 162-3 per cent, to 20 per cent., which is even 



8 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

less credit than she would have received had the total amount 
of butterfat been made up into butter from day to day by an 
experienced buttermaker. 

The subsequent history of great cows which have under- 
gone these tests and made good depends upon what they were 
before the beginning of the test, and how they were cared for 
and fed during their work. In every instance where the cow 
was strong in every respect, vigorous and a regular breeder, 
there are no undesirable effects which follow. On the other 
hand, the results of having accomplished the work one year 
develops and strengthens, perhaps as hard work strengthens a 
man's muscles, the digestive apparatus, the blood circulation and 
the ability to produce great amounts of milk and butterfat. It 
is sometimes believed that continued hard work of the character 
accomplished by half-ton cows tends to shorten the life of the 
animal. This may be true to an extent, but in view of the fact 
that every cow thus far accredited with having made a half ton 
of butter in a year is still living, goes a long way toward dis- 
proving this idea. It would seem to be more a matter of 
whether or not judgment was used in feeding and caring for 
the cow, than a question of how much milk and butterfat she 
produced in a year that determined her longevity. 

In one instance the cow has not produced living offspring 
since her test. This can hardly be attributed as a result of her 
work or the manner in which she was fed and cared for during 
her test, because she had not yet been a regular breeder during 
her former lifetime. In the other instances valuable sons and* 
daughters have followed, and are following, in the footsteps of 
their mothers. However, as it has been only a few years since 
the first 1,000-pound record was made, time will be required 
to determine the true greatness of the offspring of these cows. 

As truly as the law that "like begets like or a likeness of 
some ancestor" is true, the daughters of these greatly bred sires 
will produce great records when they are given an opportunity. 
Authorities on breeding, as a rule, agree that likely the alternate 
generation, or in other words, the daughters produced by the 
sons of great cows, can be expected to be greater producers than 
the own daughters of the cows. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 9 

Yeska Sunbeam the First Cow to Do It 

Yeska Sunbeam was bred by W. D. Richardson, of Minne- 
sota. It has been rumored that she was sold to Fred. Rietbrock, 
of Helendale Farms, Athens, Wis., for $75 or $85. If this 
be true, her owner never realized her wonderful possibilities. 
She was dropped April 2, 1895, and was thus about nine and a 
half years old when she began her test. She calved September 
11, 1904, and the test began October 1st. She is an easy milker. 

One of Mr. Rietbrock's favorite ways of discoursing on the 
production of dairy cows starts as follows : 

"In the matter of economic production of milk and butterfat 
there are three factors — namely, first, the man ; second, the cow ; 
and third, the feed. If the man can succeed in bringing the 
cow and the feed together, proper proportions and quality of 
each, and then have the cow so handled that she and her attend- 
ants are in perfect harmony and accord, a great record is no 
longer a matter of conjecture. It is an assured fact from the 
beginning." 



The Year's Record of Yeska Sunbeam. 



, r . Lbs. 

Month. Qf Milk> 

October, 1904 1,428.2 

November 1,322.5 

December 1,294.4 

January, 1905 1,217.0 

February 1 ,060.8 

March 1,185.1 

April 1,089.6 

May !, I2 7-5 

June 1,158.4 

July 1,266.0 

August 1,463.8 

September 1,307.5 

Total 14,920.8 



Percentage of 


Lbs. of 


Lbs. of 


Butterfat. 


Butterfat. 


Butter. 


5-69 


81.26 


101.58 


5.62 


74-32 


92.90 


6.08 


78.70 


98.40 


6.04 


73-51 


91.88 


575 


61.00 


76.25 


6.05 


71.70 


89.62 


579 


63.09 


78.86 


5-75 


64.83 


81.03 


5-25 


60.82 


76.02 


5-88 


74-44 


93-05 


5-42 


79-34 


99.17 


5-67 


74-14 


92.67 



5-74 857.15 1,071.43 



The manner in which Yeska Sunbeam was fed is given by 
Mr. Rietbrock, her owner, as follows : 

"During grazing season excellent blue grass and clover pas- 
ture; in the late fall and spring of the year, supplemented with 
some clover hay as roughage, and during July and August, 1905, 




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a s °- 

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HALF A TON OF BUTTER II 

during hot weather and fly time, oats and peas in the green state 
as soiling crop. In August and September some green corn. 
During the winter season, while stabled, from 25 to 30 pounds 
of corn silage made of corn that was planted so close together 
that the ears did not develop ; also good clover hay, and part of 
the time some alfalfa hay. Off and on during the winter she 
was also fed some rutabagas. 

"Her grain feed consisted of a mixture of grain made up as 
follows : Four parts wheat bran, two parts ground oats, two 
parts gluten feed, one part old process oil meal. During the 
months of January, February and March there was added to this 
mixture one part of corn meal. During the months of October, 
November and December, 1904, she was fed 15 pounds a day of 
this grain mixture. During January, February, March and April, 
14 pounds a day. During May, 12 pounds, and during June the 
quantity varied from 12 pounds to 6 pounds. For July, August 
and September she was fed from 9 to 10 pounds of this grain 
mixture." 



The Performance of Colantha 4th's Johanna, the 
World's Champion 

Colantha 4th's Johanna, a Holstein cow, was bred and raised 
by W. J. Gillette, of Springvale Farms, Rosendale, Wis. Her 
marvelous record is an indication of what can be accom- 
plished in the developing of dairy cattle by the son remaining 
on the farm and following up the work started by the father. 

The commercial value of a cow of this type is indicated by 
her owner, who states that her record would sell her bull calves, 
should she drop one every year, at prices upward of $6,000 each. 
And one never knows whether he owns a record-breaking cow 
or not unless he determines the truth in the only sure way — i. e., 
by the use of a $10 outfit consisting of scales, milk sheet and 
Babcock test. Although an owner believes he knows all about 
the individual merits of his cows, yet an incident in Mr. Gillette's 
experience shows the value of making sure. Before Colantha 
4th's Johanna made her record, one of her bull calves was sold 
for $300. After her record had been made, Mr. Gillette pur- 
chased the calf for $2,000 and resold him to head one of the 
greatest Hclstein herds in the world for $8,000 cash. 



12 half a ton of butter 

Semi-official Yearly Milk and Butterfat Records of Co- 
lantha 4th's johanna, conducted by the wis- 
CONSIN Experiment Station. 

yr , Lbs. Percentage of Lbs. of Lbs. of 

iviontn. of Milk. Butterfat. Butterfat. Butter. 

December, '06, 9 days. 627.8 4.35 27.30 34-13 

January 2,657.5 3-9 2 104.27 130.34 

February 2.677.5 3-^3 102.54 128.18 

March 2,701.3 3.67 99-13 123.92 

April 2,508.7 3.56 89.31 111.63 

May 2,643.2 3.56 94.09 117.62 

June 2,353.7 3.45 81.20 101.50 

July 2,235.2 3.37 75.32 94.15 

August 1,788.6 3.95 70.65 88.30 

September 1,756.1 3.69 64.80 81.20 

October 2,031.8 3.30 67.04 83.81 

November 1, 994.6 3.61 72.00 90.00 

December, 22 days... 1,456.5 3.47 50.54 63.17 



Total 27,432.5 3.64 998.19 1,247.95 

Equivalent butter 85.7 per cent, fat 1,164.64 

To quote the words of W. J. Gillette: "During the first 65 
days of her test she was fed a grain ration varying from 12 to 24 
pounds per day of a mixture equal parts bran, gluten and ground 
oats, to which were added as a part of the total day's ration from 
two to three pounds oil meal per day. She did her best work on a 
total grain ration of 18 to 22 pounds per day, showing some 
falling off the lone week when we increased the grain to 24 pounds. 
Her roughage was all the clover she wanted, 32 pounds of silage 
per day and 30 pounds roots per day. At the close of the 65-day 
test silage was substituted for the roots, and she was continued 
on this ration till grass came ; her grain ranging from 18 to 22 
pounds per day, consisting of the above mentioned four varieties. 
In June she was turned on to grass and her grain reduced to from 
8 to 12 pounds per day, corn meal being substituted to the extent 
of 50 per cent, for the gluten. She remained on pasture till 
stabling time in the fall, receiving no further attention than other 
members of the herd. In October she was again put on to her 
winter ration and grain raised to 18 pounds per day, mixture 
as above. During the first three months she was kept in the 
stable all the time except a walk once in a while on pleasant days. 
Had this cow had the attention and advantages that some cows 
have with which they have tried to excel her performance, I am 
sure her yield would have been increased at least 2,000 pounds 
milk, and from 60 to 70 pounds of fat. In feeding and caring 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



13 



for cows with best results, many details must be considered. Like 
a work team which goes into the field for a long siege, a cow must 
be conditioned for it in order to give her the necessary strength 
for the endurance of long-continued production. Digestion and 
assimilation must be keenly observed by the caretaker, and 
variety of feeds, should be palatable, adapted to the special in- 
dividual, properly balanced and placed before the cow in an 
attractive and appetizing manner. The skill of the feeder lies in 
knowing the characteristics of the different cows under his charge, 
something no feeder can explain and only experience can teach! 
Overfeeding is more injurious than underfeeding, for overtaxing 
the powers of digestion and assimilation weakens and draws upon 
the whole system, any slight derangement of which will strongly 
manifest itself in the pail. Colantha 4th's Johanna at the com- 
pletion of her great year was as lively and vigorous and in as good 
condition as she was the day we started her, and I can positively 
say that her work was not the slightest injury to her in any way, 
and had she not aborted, as did many of my herd, the following 
period, I believe she could have repeated the performance, if 
not excelled it." 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



Record-Making Feat of Jacoba Irene, 146443; 

Champion Long-Distance Dairy 

Cow of the World 



Jacoba Irene is a registered Jersey, born and raised to cow- 
hood in Nebraska, and little was known of her real value until 
she was sold at public auction at a price for which good pure- 
bred Jersey cows were accustomed to sell at such auction sales 
six years ago. It may be said that at the present time, since 
the true value of dairy cows is being learned by the present-day 
method of testing them, that grade cows have in the past year 
sold for more money than was paid for Jacoba Irene at the time 
she passed under the auctioneer's hammer. Her history, like 
that of other wonderful cows, is additional proof of the value 
of absolutely knowing the character of the work of each indi- 
vidual cow. 

That Jacoba Irene is a very prolific cow is indicated by the 
fact that she calved on May 22, 1904; December 11, 1905; De- 
cember 10, 1906; January 24, 1908; in October, 1909, and is due 
to freshen again next December. Beginning May 22, 1904, 
Jacoba Irene produced in 2>7 months three living calves and 2,755 
pounds of butter. This is the most wonderful record of a cow 
known in history, and establishes her with the title of the 
"Champion Long-Distance Dairy Cow of the World." 

Jacoba Irene was nine years and ten months old at the be- 
ginning of her test. As to her value, Aaron O. Auten, of the 
Auten Farms, Jerseyville, 111., who owns her, says: "Of course, 
I have no fixed price on her value now, but she is paying me big 
interest on $10,000 per annum. I do not intend to push her for 
another test, but we are authenticating her work this year just 
the same, and she has been milking from 42 to 52 pounds since 
she last freshened. Her first month's work was only six pounds 
of butterfat less than her first month's work last year, which was 
the year of her great record.'' 



Authenticated Record for Two Years, December 11, 1906, to 
January 24, 1909 — Dry 45 Days. 

Milk 3 I »5°S lbs., 9.6 ozs. 

Butterfat L744 lbs., 13.4 ozs. 

Butter 85 per cent. fat. . 2,053 lbs., 15.3 ozs. 

This record has never been equaled or approached by any 
cow. Jacoba Irene is the officially established world's champion 



l6 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

long-distance butter cow. She averaged over 1,026 pounds of 
butter per year for two successive years. 



Authenticated Fat Estimate for One Year. 

Lbs. Percentage of Lbs. of 
Date. No. Days, of Milk. Butterfat. Butterfat. 

Jan. 25 to Feb. 24,1908. 31 1,600.3 4-77 76-36 

Feb. 25 to Mar. 24 29 1,857.1 4.52 83.94 

Mar. 25 to Apr. 24 31 1,969.9 5-33 104-99 

Apr. 25 to May 24 30 1,825.1 5.13 93.62 

May 25 to June 24 31 1,811.8 5.41 98.01 

June 25 to July 24 30 1,594-5 5-73 9 J -36 

July 25 to Aug. 24 31 1,383.3 5.99 82.85 

Aug. 25 to Sept. 24 31 1,307-3 5-84 76.39 

Sept. 25 to Oct. 24 30 1,122.0 6.46 72.48 

Oct. 25 to Nov. 24 31 1,032.4 6.35 65.55 

Nov. 25 to Dec. 24 30 885.8 5.85 51.81 

Dec. 25 to Jan. 24,1909. 31 863.7 6.43 55.53 

Total 366 17,253.2 5.22 952.89 

Estimated butter on basis of 85 per cent, fat, 1,121 lbs., 2 ozs. 
Estimated butter on basis of 80 per cent, fat, 1,191.20 lbs. 



Feed of Jacoba Irene During Her Year's Test. 

Roughage. Weight, Lbs. Cost. Total Cost. 

Silage 7,410.0 $11.12 

Cut alfalfa 1,074.0 8.06 

Hay 3,000.0 1500 

$34- 18 

Total 11 ,484.0 

Grain. 

Bran 1,693.5 $18.97 

Ground corn 660.5 6.60 

Oil meal 488.5 7.80 

Gluten 1,614.5 24.21 

Ground oats 363.5 4.53 

Alfalfa fat 14.5 .14 

62.25 

Total 4,835-0 



900 hours on pasture. $96.43 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



17 



The Guernsey Cow Dolly Dimple, 19144, Adv. 

R. 628, Excels All Other Cows of 

Like Age in the World 

She was sired by Yeoman 11819, the son of Hayes Rosie, 
with a yearly record of i4,533-o8 pounds of milk containing- 714.31 
pounds of butterfat. The mother of Dolly Dimple was Dolly 
Bloom, with three great yearly records — namely, as a two-year- 
old, 8,841.5 pounds of milk and 453.86 pounds of butterfat; as 
a three-year-old, 12,674.8 pounds of milk with 623.95 pounds of 
butterfat; as a five-year-old, 17,297.5 pounds of milk and 836.21 
pounds of butterfat. (See illustration page 42.) 

At the conclusion of her year's work she was two months 
with calf. When she freshened for the second time in October 
she started her second year's work, and has just completed same 
with an official year's record of 18,458.80 pounds milk, 906.89 
pounds butterfat. 



Record from October 14, 1908, to October 14, 1909. Supervised 
by Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. 



Month. J^f.' 

of Milk. 

October, 1908 927.10 

November 1,898.60 

December 1,909.60 

January, 1909 1,807.40 

February 1,505.80 

March 1,663.10 

April 1,569-90 

May : >53i-30 

June i,439- 2 ° 

July i-37 I - I o 

August 1,270.10 

September 1,105.10 

October 460.50 

Total 18,458.80 



Percentage c 


>f Lbs. of 


Lbs. of 


Butterfat. 


Butterfat. 


Butter. 


4-49 


41.63 


52.05 


4-49 


85.25 


106.55 


4.81 


91.85 


114.80 


4.90 


88.56 


110.70 


4-53 


68.21 


85.25 


4.66 


77-50 


96.85 


4.96 


77.87 


97-35 


5-13 


78.56 


98.20 


5-45 


78.44 


98.05 


4-97 


68.14 


85.15 


5-54 


70.36 


87-95 


5-14 


56.80 


71.00 


5-i5 


23.72 


29.65 



4.91 906.89 1,133.55 



Dolly Dimple was dropped January 21, 1905, making her 
three years and nine months old at the beginning of her last 
record. 



l8 half a ton of butter 

Feed Eaten During Last Record. 

October — 27 lbs. bran, 18 lbs. pea meal, 18 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 
27 lbs. ground oats, 27 lbs. gluten, 18 lbs. oil meal, 18 lbs. cotton- 
seed meal, 18 lbs. alfalfa meal, 9 lbs. hominy, 144 lbs. beet pulp, 
180 lbs. corn fodder, 360 lbs. roots, 360 lbs. ensilage and 180 lbs. 
hay. 

November — 54 lbs. bran, 7,6 lbs. pea meal, 36 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 
54 lbs. ground oats, 54 lbs. gluten, 36 lbs. oil meal, 36 lbs. cotton- 
seed meal, 36 lbs. alfalfa meal, 18 lbs. hominy, 200 lbs. beet pulp, 
600 lbs. roots, 450 lbs. ensilage and 240 lbs. hay. 

December — 56.7 lbs. bran, 37.8 lbs. pea meal, 37.8 lbs. Ajax 
Flakes, 56.7 lbs. ground oats, 56.7 lbs. gluten, 37.8 lbs. oil meal, 
37.8 lbs. cottonseed meal, 37.8 lbs. alfalfa meal, 18.9 lbs. hominy, 
279 lbs. beet pulp, 620 lbs. roots, 620 lbs. ensilage, 310 lbs. hay. 

January — 60.45 1 DS - bran, 40.30 lbs. pea meal, 40.30 lbs. Ajax 
Flakes, 60.45 lbs. ground oats, 60.45 lbs. gluten, 40.30 lbs. oil 
meal, 40.30 lbs. cottonseed meal, 40.30 lbs. alfalfa meal, 20.15 lbs. 
hominy, 248 lbs. beet pulp, 310 lbs. hay, 620 lbs. roots, 620 lbs. 
ensilage. 

February — 58.5 lbs. bran, 39 lbs. pea meal, 39 lbs. Ajax 
Flakes, 58.5 lbs. ground oats, 88.5 lbs. gluten, 39 lbs. oil meal, 39 
lbs. cottonseed meal, 39 lbs. alfalfa meal, 19.5 lbs. hominy, 224 
lbs. beet pulp, 840 lbs. roots, 560 lbs. ensilage, 280 lbs. hay. 

March — 58.5 lbs. bran, 39 lbs. pea meal, 39 lbs. Ajax Flakes. 
58.5 lbs. ground oats, 58.5 lbs. gluten, 39 lbs. oil meal, 39 lbs. al- 
falfa meal, 19.5 lbs. hominy, 225 lbs. beet pulp, 840 lbs. roots, 
560 lbs. ensilage, 280 lbs. hay. 

April — 58.5 lbs. bran, 39 lbs. pea meal, 39 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 

58.5 lbs. ground oats, 58.5 lbs. gluten, 39 lbs. oil meal, 39 lbs. al- 
falfa meal, 19.5 lbs. hominy, 39 lbs. cottonseed meal, 224 lbs. beet 
pulp, 850 lbs. roots, 560 lbs. ensilage, 280 lbs. hay. 

May — 51.6 lbs. bran, 34.4 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 34.4 lbs. pea meal, 

51.6 lbs. ground oats, 51.6 lbs. gluten, 34.4 lbs. oil meal, 34.4 lbs. 
alfalfa meal, 34.4 lbs. cottonseed meal, 17.2 lbs. hominy, 620 lbs. 
roots, 248 lbs. beet pulp, 310 lbs. hay. 

June — 63 lbs. bran, ^2 lbs. pea meal, 42 lbs. Ajax Flakes 4_' 
lbs. cottonseed meal, 63 lbs. ground oats, 6^ lbs. gluten, 42 lbs. 
oil meal, 42 lbs. alfalfa meal, 21 lbs. hominy, 180 lbs. green feed, 
150 lbs. hay and pasture. 

July — 69.8 lbs. bran, 46.5 lbs. pea meal, 46.5 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 
46.5 lbs. cottonseed meal, 69.8 lbs. ground oats, 69.8 lbs. gluten, 
46.5 lbs. oil meal, 46.5 lbs. alfalfa meal, 23.3 lbs. hominy, 248 lbs. 
beet pulp, 525 lbs. green feed, 240 lbs. hay. 

August — 72.09 lbs. bran, 48.06 lbs. pea meal, 48.06 lbs. Ajax 
Flakes, 72.09 lbs. ground oats, 48.06 lbs. cottonseed meal, 72.00 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER IO, 

lbs. gluten, 48.06 lbs. oil meal, 78.06 lbs. alfalfa meal, 24.03 lbs. 
hominy, 248 lbs. beet pulp. 465 lbs. hay. 

September — 69.75 lb s. bran, 46.5 lbs. pea meal, 46.5 lbs. cot- 
tonseed meal, 46.5 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 69.75 lbs. ground oats, 69.75 
lbs. gluten, 46.5 lbs. oil meal, 46.5 lbs. alfalfa meal, 23.3 lbs. 
hominy, 180 lbs. beet pulp, 300 lbs. hay. 

October — 30.3 lbs. bran, 10. 1 lbs. hominy, 30.3 lbs. ground 
oats, 30.3 lbs. gluten, 20.2 lbs. pea meal, 20.2 lbs. cottonseed 
meal, 20.2 lbs. Ajax Flakes, 20.2 lbs. oil meal. 20.2 lbs. alfalfa 
meal, 130 lbs. roots, 156 lbs. hay. 

During this time she made the following seven-day record, 
which is the largest made by any cow of like age : 

December 8 62.4 lbs. milk, 3.20 lbs. butterfat. 

December 9 63.0 " " 2.90 " 

December 10 65.8 " " 3.28 " " 

December 11 63.3 " '* 2.85 " " 

December 12 66.4 " " 3.62 " " 

December 13 64.2 " " 3.42 " " 

December 14 59.7 " " 2.73 " " 

Total 444.8 " " 22.00 " 

She has also to her credit the following records for shorter 
periods, which are the best for the breed, and as far as known 
she is the most remarkable producing cow of like age in the 
world : 

One day — 68.4 lbs. milk ; 3.625 lbs. butterfat. 

One month (30 days) — 1,960.04 lbs. milk; 89.99 lbs. butter- 
fat. 

Three months — 5,614.6 lbs. milk; 265.62 lbs. butterfat. 

Six months — 182 days (3^ years old), 10,390.2 lbs. milk; 
486.66 lbs. butterfat. 

Average for two consecutive periods, 16,233.96 lbs. milk; 
805.13 lbs. butterfat. 

Dolly Dimple is owned at Langwater Farms, North Easton, 
Mass., the property of Mr. F. Lothrop Ames. 

The Record of Olga 4th's Pride, 160791 

Olga 4th's Pride, 1 60791, completed her year's authenticated 
record May 28, 1909. 

This cow is a registered Jersey, bred and owned by George 
H. Sweet, of Beechlands, East Aurora, N. Y. She was seven 
years old at the beginning of the test. An interesting feature 
of her record is that her owner followed the work that his father 
started before him. This illustrates the wisdom of the young 
man on the farm to-day remaining there and adding to and 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 21 

taking advantage of the accumulative results of the work started 
years before. Two of the three 1,000-pound Jersey cows, 
namely, Olga 4th's Pride and Adelaide of Beechlands, were the 
results of the breeding operations at Beechlands Farm. The 
fact that the grandmother, the mother, the sire, the sister and 
the daughter of Olga 4th's Pride were all bred and raised at 
Beechlands Farm, and all were wonderful individuals, not only of 
the Jersey breed, but highly representative of all dairy breeds. 
tells the story of the great possibilities in breeding and developing 
productive dairy cattle ; but the important fact is that it required 
two generations of the Sweet family to accomplish these mar- 
velous results. 

Record. 

Total milk for 365 days, 16,275.4 lbs.; fat, 851.77 lbs. 

Total estimated butter, 85 per cent, fat, 1,001.29 lbs. 

Best day's milk, 62.50 lbs. Average milk per day for 365 
days was 44.59 lbs. Average fat per day for 365 days was 2.336 
lbs. Average butter per day for 365 days, 85 per cent., was 
2.743 lbs. Average fat test for the year was 5.233 per cent. 

Her work previous to the authenticated year was as follows : 
With her first calf she gave 6,797.2 lbs. milk; with second calf, 
8,674 lbs. ; with third calf, 11,119.2 lbs. ; with fourth calf, 14,460.4 
lbs. ; with her fifth calf (an authenticated year) she gave 16,275.25 
lbs. The first four years she was not fed for heavy work. 

Mr. Sweet says : "I saw to the feeding myself, but I do not 
keep an accurate account of the feed, as I change so often, and 
the changes are so varied that I do not try to keep any account 
of it." 

These few words are full of meaning. They bare great 
feeding secrets. Mr. Sweet closely studied his cow. He knew 
from day to day the amounts and kinds of feeds she needed, and 
supplied them. A little later on we shall discuss this very point 
at length in a simple, practical manner. 

Adelaide of Beechlands 

This Jersey cow was bred by George H. Sweet, East Aurora, 
N. Y., and made her record while owned by the W. S. Ladd 
Estate, Portland, Ore. 

At the age of two years and three months she began her 
year's record with 8,363 pounds 12.8 ounces of milk, which con- 
tained 435 pounds 4.7 ounces of butterfat. During the year she 
made her record of over 1,000 pounds of butter, her yield aver- 
aging per month 1,297.7 pounds of milk, containing 70.8 pounds 
of butterfat. Although her test began November 25, 1907. she 
g-ave birth to a living calf December t8. 1909. After finishing 



22 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



her test the statement made by her owner was as follows: "She 
was not forced at all and Is in perfect physical condition." 

The following table shows her production from month to 
month, and also the amounts of different feeds used to stimulate 
the great production : 

Amount of Feed Consumed by Adelaide of Beechlands, 
168699 A. J. C. C. 3 During Her Yearly Test. 



Bran 


Oats 


Oil 


Clover 


Alfalfa 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Meal. 


Hav. Kale. Carrots 


Hay cut 


10 


10 


5 


45 




93 


93 


3 1 


217 1,240 




93 


93 


3i 


217 1,240 




116 


87 


29 


203 480 290 




124 


93 


3i 


217 •••• 558 




90 


30 




90 Pasture 360 




62 






Extra English Rye 




30 






and 




62 






White Clover Pasture. 




62 


62 


IS 


62 1,085 Pasture 


150 


90 


60 


45 


210 1,200 


450 


62 


62 


45# 


217 1,240 


465 


48 


48 


36 


168 960 


360 



942 



638 



268^- 1,646 



7,445 



1,208 



14-25 



Yearly Work of Adelaide of Beechlands, 168699 A. J. C. C, 

in Ladd's Hazel Fern Herd. Authenticated by Oregon 

Experiment Station. 



Days. 
November, 1907 .... 6 

December 31 

January, 1908 31 

February 29 

March 31 

April 30 

May 31 

June 30 

July 31 

August 31 

September 30 

October 31 

November , 24 

Total 366 





Percent- 


Lbs. of 




Lbs. of 


age of 


Butter- 


Lbs. of 


Milk. 


Butterfat 


fat. 


Butter. 


226.8 


4-39 


9-97 


12.46 


1 ,420.6 


4-56 


64.84 


81.05 


1,436.6 


4.64 


66.79 


83.45 


1,310-7 


4-95 


64.92 


81.15 


1,374-6 


5-38 


74.02 


92.50 


1,340.7 


5- 2 4 


70.37 


87-95 


1,418.3 


5-44 


77.24 


96.55 


1,343-6 


5-38 


72.30 


90.40 


1,310.7 


5-13 


67.27 


84.10 


1,306.4 


6.05 


79-05 


98.80 


1,228.4 


6.21 


76.37 


95-45 


1,124.7 


6.62 


74-47 


93.10 


730.0 


7.12 


52.01 


65.00 



15,572.1 5.45 849.62 1,061.96 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 2 ^ 

Dairymaid of Pinehurst 

A Guernsey cow owned by W. W. Marsh, Waterloo la is 
the seventh cow to make a half ton of butter in one year She 
yielded 852.89 pounds of butterfat, which is equivalent to 1,003 
pounds of 85 per cent, butter. In many ways Dairymaid's rec- 
ord is the most wonderful of any previously discussed. She is 
the champion three-year-old cow of the world. When her test 
was begun she was only three years and twenty-five days old. 

There are no indications that her work has in any way injured 
her future usefulness. She looks fit to yield even more butter 
next year. 

The secret of her great work is simply that she is a good 
cow and has been given the opportunity. 

Mr. Marsh attributes much of the success attained by Dairy- 
maid to the fact that she was given a large variety of foods, such 
as alfalfa hay, clover hay, corn silage, beets, carrots, mangels 
beet pulp, oil meal, bran, ground oats, corn meal and other foods 
that would tempt her appetite and supply milk-making nutrients. 

In early summer she was turned on luxuriant pasture but 
when the days became hot and the flies bad she was placed' in a 
roomy, well-bedded stall. The barn was well ventilated and kept 
cool. Green food was cut from the fields and brought to her 
It paid. Cows cannot suffer from any cause and at the same time 
yield milk and butter to the limit of their ability. 

It will be interesting to the reader to know that Mr Marsh 
loaned Dairymaid of Pinehurst to the National Dairy Show 
Association as one of the great features of the Chicago show 
1910, and refused an offer of $10,000 for her. Her son,' barely a 
year old, is a grand individual, as is indicated by the fact that at 
the Iowa State Fair he won first prize as a calf and Junior 
championship, winning this prize over all Guernsey bulls under 
two years old exhibited at that fair. Dairymaid of Pinehurst is 
due to freshen again on Christmas day, and her phenomenal rec- 
ord will probably be broken by her own efforts during the coming 
year. 

Her work month after month throughout the year tells the 
story of her persistent work (see illustration page 30) : 



24 HALF A TON oF BUTTER 

ivr , Lbs. Percentage of Lbs. of Lbs. of 

jVLontn. of Milk. Butterfat. Butterfat. Butter. 

June 1.605.5 4.76 76.43 99.55 

July 1.562.7 5.20 86.35 io 7-95 

August 1412.7 5.68 80.36 100.45 

September 1,471.6 0.40 94.28 1 17.85 

October 1,493-2 6.80 101.67 127.00 

November 1,085.9 5-53 60.06 75 .05 

December 1,005.3 6.84 68.78 85.95 

January 936.3 7.12 66.74 83.45 

February 81 1.4 5.95 48.28 60.35 

March 941.9 5.23 49.30 61.65 

April 1,085.9 5-67 61.61 77.00 

May 1. 1 59.0 5.08 58.96 73-70 

Total 14. 571.4 852.82 1 ,069.95 







molly w. 

A splendid grade Jersey. 

Great Records of Grade Cows 

The seven 1,000-pound cows whose records we have re- 
viewed are all pure-bred cows. 

Of course, every farmer cannot hope to become the owner 
of even one cow of this calibre. But every farmer can put into 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 25 

practice modem ideas of care and feeding which have brought 
such great success in the development of the 1,000-pound cow. 

To show what can be done under average conditions with 
good grade cows, wc are going to give the records of two Jer- 
seys. One produced over 750 pounds of butter during the past 
year, the other nearly 600 pound-. 

That good cows are found outside of pure-bred herds has 
been demonstrated during the past year. 

In Iowa there has been in operation a state-wide contest in 
which over one hundred cows have been put to the test to de- 
termine how much milk and butter they would give in a year. 

Among them have been found cows that were profitable and 
others unprofitable. Invariably, however, the owner's pride led 
him to care for his cows better while they were in the contest than 
he had done before. This was well, for in studying the require- 
ments of the individual cow. and noting the results of different 
feeds, many lessons of value were learned that will be helpful 
in the future. 

One of the remarkable cows in the contest was Molly W., a 
cow of unknown parentage except that her sire was a good, pure- 
bred Jersey bull. 

She was only two years, three months and four days old at the 
beginning of her test. In 352 days she yielded 548.49 pounds of 
butter. In the contest cows of that age received a handicap of 
37 per cent, to enable them to compete with mature cows. On 
that basis Molly W. produced 751.43 pounds of butter in 352 
days. She was not given expert care, but kept under conditions 
possible on any farm in the United States. This is evidenced by 
the words of her owner, Charles R. Kirby, of Griswold, la. : 

"In August, when we started, the cow was running on clover 
pasture and I began to feed her about 1 lb. daily of alfalfa meal. 

"In September the grass began to fail and we fed some green 
corn with 1 lb. of alfalfa meal daily. 

"In October our cows were all taken sick. We fed 1 lb. 
alfalfa meal and green corn, and was on clover pasture. 

"In November we found out where she stood in September 
and started to take better care. She was fed snapped corn, 5 lbs. ; 
4 lbs. oat-. _' lbs. bran and 1 lb. oil meal. 

"In December she was stall-fed with the same ration as 
November, with the addition of clover hay. 

"In January I attended your lectures in Red Oak. Came 
home and increased the corn ration to 6 lbs. daily, with about 3 
lbs. oats, 1 lb. oil meal. The cow freshened the last of January. 

"In February we started her ration very light, slowly increas- 
ing until she was on her full ration at the end of the month of 
4 lbs. corn, 3 lbs. oats, 2 lbs. oil meal. 2 lbs. alfalfa meal, 1 lb. cot- 
tonseed meal and clover hay. 



26 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

"In March I curried and blanketed the cow daily, and fed 
her 4 lbs. corn snapped, 4 lbs. oats, 3 lbs. bran, 2 lbs. oil meal, 
2 lbs. cottonseed meal, 2 lbs. June pasture and 8 lbs. of steamed 
alfalfa hay daily. 

"Her April ration was the same as March. 

"In May, in addition to her grain ration, she had the run 
of the pasture in the daytime. She had grain as follows: 4 lbs. 
ground corn, 3 lbs. ground oats, 2 lbs. oil meal, 1 lb. of cottonseed 
meal, 2 lbs. bran, 1 lb. of June pasture daily. 

"In June she had 4 lbs. of ground corn, 4 lbs. of ground 
oa'ts, 2 lbs. of oil meal, 2 lbs. of bran, 1 lb. of alfalfa meal, and 
the run of the orchard in blue grass and white clover pasture. 

"In July, 4 lbs. ground corn, 3 lbs. ground oats, 2 lbs. oil 
meal, 2 lbs. bran, 1 lb. of alfalfa meal and cut green oats, giving 
her 3 medium sheaves daily. 

"In .August the same except 2 sheaves of matured oats 
daily." 

Owner's name, Charles B. Kirby; town, Griswold; county, 
Cass; name of cow, Mollie \\ . ; age at entering contest, two 
years, three months and four days; breed, grade Jersey; date of 
entering contest, 8-5-09; born, 5-1-07; handicap, none; 548.40 
per cent, butter. 

Lbs. of Percentage Lbs. of Lbs. of 
Milk, of P.utterfat. Butterfat. Butter. 

January, 18 days 121. 1 7.45 9.02 11.25 

February, 28 days 029.0 fi.oo 3775 47-20 

March, 31 days'. 895.0 5.80 51.91 64.90 

April, 30 days 997.2 5.88 58.68 73.35 

May, 31 days 1,052.0 5.35 56.35 70.45 

June, 30 days 941-2 4.80 45-i8 56-45 

July, 31 days 814.1 5.00 40.70 50.85 

August, 31 days 854.9 4.90 41.96 52.45 

September, 30 days.... 790.6 5.61 444° 55-50 

October, 31 days.'. ^>2.y 6.63 37.35 4 r »-7° 

November, 30 days 339.1 7.03 23.85 29.Q5 

December, 31 days 255.4 7.45 19.02 23.80 

Total ^.^:^-.^ 5-99 466.17 582.85 

The second prize grade cow in the Iowa cow contest was 
Jersey V., owned by F. W. Voorhies, Fairfield, la. 

During the year she yielded 11,446 pounds of milk, which 
contained 600.43 pounds of butterfat, the equivalent of 706.39 
pounds of butter. 

Like Molly W. she received only good care such as ^ should 
be given every cow. Year after year she had been producing 
largely, but her true worth was never known until the owner 
began weighing and testing her milk regularly. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



27 




JERSEY V AND CALF 
A good grade cow with a promising future. Owned by F. W. Voorhies, Fairfield, Iowa. 



She was seven years of age when she started her year's 
record, and during her life she has produced, in addition to her 
great and profitable milk yield, five heifer and two bull calves. 

Her mother was a Guernsey cow and her sire a pure-bred 
Jersey bull. This is all that is known of her parentage. 

She has done her part to teach the lesson of the possibilities 
of the good grade farm cow given an opportunity. 

She has yielded four and one-third times as much as the 
average cow in the United States. 

Were they all to yield as profitably as she the income from 
dairy products would mean over $3,000,000,000 instead of $800,- 
000,000 as they now do. 

Owner's name, F. W. Voorhies; town. Fairfield; county, 
Jefferson; name of cow. Jersey V. ; age at entering contest, seven 
years; breed, grade Jersey; date of entering contest. 6-1-09; born 
1902; handicap, none. 



28 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

Lbs. of Percentage Lbs. of Lbs. of 

Milk, of Butterfat. Butterfat. Butter. 

January, 31 days 674.8 6.57 44.34 5545 

February, 28 davs 563.5 6.31 35.59 44.50 

March, 31 days 507.5 6.31 32.05 45.05 

April. 30 days 1,192.7 5.60 66.83 83.55 

May. 31 days i-39 2 -9 5-3 1 73-96" 92.45 

Tune. 30 days 1,382.5 3-95 54-73 68 -40 

July. 31 days 1,314.4 3-97 52.18 65.20 

August, 31 days 1,104.3 4-3° 47-5 1 59-4° 

September. 30 days. .. . 974.7 5.15 50.22 62.75 

October, 31 days.'. 874.8 -^.71 5°-° 2 62 -55 

November, 30 days 747.3 ''.14 45-9 2 57-40 

December, 31 days 7172 tx^^, 47-° 2 5 8 -75 

Total 1 1,446.6 548 600.37 755-45 



The Time to Start Better Methods and 
How to Begin 

To increase the butter yield of a dairy herd, and to find out 
if there be any 1,000-pound cows or even cows with ability to 
produce 800, 600 or 400 pounds, there must be a definite starting 
point and a definite plan of procedure. 

You cannot begin at any time to use proper methods and 
expect to find the output of your herd doubled within 80 or 
100 days. 

The cow that has been fresh for some time will not show a 
satisfactory increase. She will quite likely take advantage of 
extra feed or better conditions of shelter to build up her body 
instead of increasing milk yield. 

The right time to put new methods into practice is to start 
with each cow during her period of freshening. 

By following the plan winch we outline, you can get out 
of each cow all the butter which nature has given her the ability 
to produce. 

At least six weeks before freshening time, turn the cow 
dry and give her a rest. Don't think that because she is not 
giving any milk she does not need care or feed. Use this resting 
period to prepare her for her next year's work. 

Food and care are needed fur three distinct things : To com- 
plete the growth and development of the calf, to rest and render 
more healthful the digestive system, and to store up strength, 
vigor, stamina and fat to be used bv the cow after freshening. 



HALF A TON < >F BUTTER 



2 9 



For the growth of muscle, hair, blood, cartilaginous material 
in the unborn calf, etc., protein is the only nutrient that will 
suffice. 

Protein, as you no doubt know, is the nitrogenous portion 
of feed, the nutrient which makes bran, oil meal, gluten feed, 
alfalfa hay. etc., so valuable. 

Now. if the dairyman continues to milk his cows up to 
freshening time, a large part of the protein in the feed which 
should be used in developing the calf is required for the milk. 
Consequently the cow robs her own body and the calf is weak, 
puny or stillborn. 

Even though it lives, such a calf is predisposed toward calf 
scours, calf cholera and the other many ills common among calves. 
It stands little chance of ever developing int.) a big, butter-yield- 
ing cow. 

Another thing, during her year's work the digestive system 
of the cow is severely taxed. No part is so important and no 
part breaks down so quickly because of hard work or heavy 
feeding. It should be given a good rest between the time that 
the cow goes dry ami again freshens. 

In the summer, nothing is better than the tender, delicious 
green pasture grasses. However, as now managed, dairy cows 
usually freshen in the late fall or early winter, and a substitute 
for pasture grasses must be supplied. Mangels, rutabagas or 
beets, corn silage, bran and oil meal are all easily digested feeds, 
laxative and cooling- in nature. They tend to rest up the cow 
in such a way that she will be able to consume a greater amount 
of feed after freshening than if she were carelessly fed. 

It's a mistake to think that feed given the cow during her 
resting period is wasted. It will return bigger profits than feed 
given at any other time. Her year's work depends largely upon 
the strength, vigor, stamina and fat which is stored tip in her 
body at the start. 

Many dairymen and breeders of dairy cattle have believed 
that once a cow becomes fat at any time of her life her profitable 
period is past. It was thought that once the habit was formed of 
converting feed into fat it would be impossible to again induce 
the cow to convert her U-v^\ into milk and butterfat. This is 
largely true if the cow becomes fleshy while producing milk. 

Hut repeated experiments have proved that the more stamina 
and fat that can be stored up in a cow as a reserve fund, the 
greater the year's yield of milk and butter will be. 

Proper feeding after freshening transfers most of this 
surplus fat flesh and vigor into the milk -pail. The success with 
which this is accomplished is one of the greatest secrets in pro- 
ducing a big year's yield of milk. 

A verv good ration u ,\- tin- cow's resting period is secured 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 3 1 

by mixing two parts of ground oats, two parts of bran and one 
part of oil meal, supplemented with corn silage and clover or 
alfalfa bay. The condition of the cow will, of course, govern 
the amount. As a rule, eight pounds of the grain, thirty of silage 
and ten of hay will not be too much. If the cow is poor and 
lean, as most cows are after going through their year's work, 
fifteen or sixteen pounds of the grain will give better results. The 
bran, oil meal and silage tend to cool and rest the digestive tract. 

J 'art <>f the bran, oil meal, ground oats and alfalfa i- used 
for the growth of the calf. 

The silage is converted into fat and stored in the cow's 
body. A portion of the oats is used to build up a reserve snpply- 
of vigor and stamina. 

A week before the calf is to be born the grain ration should 
be reduced to a half pound of oil meal and a pound or so of bran 
mixed up in a mash. It counteracts the feverish condition of 
the cow and keeps the digestive organs in good shape. 

It Used to be thought dangerous to feed a cow before fresh- 
ening because an overfleshy condition renders the cow more 
susceptible to milk fever. Time after time the best cow in the 
herd has died from this disease. Milk fever has no longer any 
terrors for the modern dairyman. In fact, because it is a disease 
that only attacks good cows, it is regarded as a favorable sign. 
Close watchfulness for first symptoms, and the frequent appli- 
cation of the air treatment, take awav all danger. 



The Air Treatment for Milk Fever 

Where six years ago 98 per cent, of the cows affected with 
milk fever died, to-day 98 per cent, of them when properly 
treated with air are quickly restored to a normal condition by 
one treatment. Two are seldom necessary. 

The cow should be watched closely during the first forty- 
eight hours after the calf is born, for it is during this time that 
milk fever invariably occurs. The first symptom is a dull ap- 
pearance in the cow's eyes, followed later by a weakening in the 
hind quarters. The staggering animal finally loses all use of her 
limbs and lies down with her head around on her shoulder, and 
unless treatment is speedily provided enters a stage of stupor. 

The sooner the air treatment is applied the better. It is 
given by an inexpensive outfit costing perhaps $3, which can be 
purchased from any veterinary medical supply house. Detailed 
instructions for use accompany each outfit. All veterinarians 
now possess these outfits, so if one is not present on the farm 
the local veterinary should be at once called. 

The only precaution necessary in using the treatment is to 



32 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

have the udder and teats absolutely clean and to sterilize the milk 
tube by boiling it fifteen minutes before insertion, to guard 
against outside infection. 

A cow should never be allowed to drink cold water. Espe- 
cially during her calving period it is important that the chill be 
taken from the water. Surprising results follow this practice. 
The udder of the cow expands to the greatest size of her whole 
lifetime. If conditions are right her offspring will be strong, 
rugged and ready to wean in a couple of days. 

The bran mashes should be continued for two .or three days 
and the calf allowed to nurse until most of the inflammation has 
left the cow's udder. The calf can then be weaned and taught 
to drink from the bucket. 



How to Raise the Cow to Her Largest Milk Output 

Now begins the year's work of milk and butter pro- 
duction. The first thirty days are very important. Upon the 
results accomplished during this time depends largely the volume 
of the cow's yearly yield. If her milk flow is allowed to linger 
around 25 or 30 pounds during those thirty days, it is almost im- 
possible to ever get her past that mark ; but if the 50 or 75-pound 
mark is reached, it is not difficult to keep her above the 30-pound 
mark for at least six months or for the whole year. 

Tt is a cow's nature to yield milk for her calf for thirty days 
after its birth. She is, therefore, in such a condition that she 
responds most easily and naturally to the efforts to stimulate 
her milk production. 

Two or three days after the calf is weaned the cow should 
'be changed from bran mash to more solid food containing more 
protein. Protein more than any other nutrient stimulates the 
milk secreting glands to activity. It is provided by adopting a 
daily ration of about five pounds of a grain mixture consisting 
of bran, oil meal, gluten feed or cottonseed meal in connection 
with grass if it be summer, or corn silage, alfalfa or clover hay 
if grass is not in season. 

Care must be taken not to feed too largely of corn or other 
feed rich in carbohydrates. The cow is apt to convert her food 
into fat and distribute it over her body instead of converting it 
into milk and butterfat. 

Full thirty days should be taken in bringing the cow to full 
feed. Many dairymen have made the mistake of putting their 
cows on full feed as soon as they freshen. For the first week 
or two there is a large milk flow, but good results are never 
secured in the long run from this method. If the cow does not 
sicken or go off her feed entirely her digestive apparatus is 






HALF A TON OF BUTTER 33 

weakened, so that in a short time she refuses to eat heartily and 
rapidly declines in her milk flow. 



How Much to Feed 

Every cow has two limits: She can eat only a certain 
amount ; she can turn only a certain amount of the food which 
she eats into keeping- up energy and producing milk. If the 
ration is raised too rapidly more food is often given the cow than 
her digestive system can take care of. Not only is there a big 
waste, but the organs of digestion are burned out and the cow 
is ruined. 

Yet there must be enough of the feed to provide proper 
nourishment. Sixty per cent, of all the food eaten is used up 
in "running" the cow's body. If only 60 per cent, of the food 
that the cow can consume is fed, the owner has no right to expect 
any milk. If he gives her 70 per cent, he can expect a little 
milk. If he gives her 90 per cent, or 95 per cent, of the food 
she can take care of, he will get every ounce of milk and butterfat 
out of a cow that she can by nature produce. 

To find out this limit of the cow's capacity where no feed 
is wasted, but every ounce of it counts in producing milk and 
butter, raise the ration gradually. Never add more than a half 
or three-quarters of a pound, and raise it not more often than 
every other day. Carefully note each day's output. (We tell 
how on page 35.) When the cow ceases to yield an increased 
flow of milk when more feed is given, reduce the amount of 
ration in the same gradual way. It will be found that the milk 
output will again increase until a pound or a pound and a half 
have been taken away. The cow has now been brought up to her 
highest level of production, large or small according to the cow's 
merit. Most of the fat stored up in the body has been converted 
into milk and butterfat, and she is again in ideal dairy form. If 
this is not the case, it can be pretty safely decided that she is an 
unprofitable cow. 

The quantity of feed which will yield the most milk has also 
been determined. This amount of feed, varied only a pound or 
two daily, can profitably be given the cow throughout the year. 



How to Prepare the Cow's First Month's Rations 

Best results always follow when the feed is given to the 
cow in the most palatable and easily digested form. Especially 
is this necessary when a quantity of food needed for the pro- 
duction of half a ton of butter must be consumed. All food 



34 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

which passes through the cow's body undigested is not only 
wasted, but puts a severe tax on the already heavily worked 
digestive organs. 

In order that all the ration be digested, all grain should be 
ground and fed so as to take up the smallest possible room. A 
certain amount of bulk must also be added to the ration. This 
is best supplied with light foods, such as ground oats, bran, Ajax 
Flakes or cut hay. Many feeders follow the advisable practice 
of giving the grain with the silage, mixing the entire mass 
together. 

The digestive apparatus of the cow differs from that of the 
pig or horse. You know she does not stop to chew her rations, 
but swallows it greedily. Then during her leisure moments she 
regurgitates it (brings it back into the mouth) and masticates it, 
or, as it is commonly termed, she "chews her cud." When grain 
is fed alone it lies on the stomach in a heavy mass. It can neither 
be regurgitated for chewing nor worked upon by the digestive 
juices. It is crowded out of the digestive organs before the 
nutriment has been gotten out of the feed. Experiments show 
that a pound of corn and cob meal is practically as good as a 
pound of corn meal for feeding purposes. Cobs, of course, do 
not contain much nourishment, but the ground cob holds the 
particles of grain apart so that the food forms a light, spongy 
mass in the stomach and can be easily regurgitated by the cow. 
When it is again swallowed to pass through the different stom- 
achs, the digestive juices can easily get at the grain, rendering 
digestion quick and complete. The cow is thus able to speedily 
manufacture feed into milk and butter, and by the next feeding 
time she is greedily waiting for more feed. 

This illustrates the value of supplying bulky as well as 
palatable feed. When the cow is to be worked to the limit of 
her capacity, it is doubtful if her digestive apparatus should be 
taxed with a very great amount of ground corn cobs. It is better 
to mix the grain ration with corn silage, bran, ground oats or 
preferably cut alfalfa or clover hay. This serves the same pur- 
pose as the cob meal and also supplies the cow with much valuable 
nourishment. 

The writer has fed tons of alfalfa hay cut up in quarter-inch 
lengths, giving from four to six pounds mixed with the grain 
daily. He is confident that this takes the place of the same 
amount of bran, and is doubtless equally as valuable. At the St. 
Louis Exposition the writer had charge of the Jersey herd in 
the feeding contest. The prices of foodstuffs were decided upon 
by a disinterested committee. Alfalfa hay was quoted at half 
the price of bran. Knowing that alfalfa hay contained practically 
the same digestible feeding nutrients as the bran, the writer fol- 
lowed this plan to put alfalfa in shape to be fed with the con- 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 35 

centrated feed: The alfalfa was run through a cutting machine, 
chopped into quarter-inch length and moistened with hot water 
and steam. In this way it was made even more palatable than 
bran. By feeding six pounds of it daih mixed with other feeds, 
splendid results were seemed. At the end of the test it was 
found that the cows thus fed had not only produced more butter- 
fat in the given time, but bad as a rule done it more economically. 
The beauty of feeding cut alfalfa or clover is that there is 
little danger of the cow becoming overfed, for the volume is so 
large that she will leave a portion of the food before gorging 
herself. Moistening the cut bay adds to its palatability, and 
causes the particles of grain to cling to it so as to form a palatable 
bulky and easily digested ration. 

How to Keep the Cow at Her Maximum Output 

After the cow has been brought to her highest level of pro- 
duction the problem is to keep her there. There is no profit in 
the cow that vields a big volume of milk for one month or even 
six months and then declines in her yield or goes dry. The 
cow that makes the most money for her owner is the one that 
is a steady worker the year 'round. 

A cow is much more likely to keep fresh and busy at work 
if she is given a variety of food. Cows get tired of the "same 
old thing," just as we do. After one kind of feed has been fed 
for a long time she will eat it less greedily and heartily — she 
needs a change.- It's not wholly a case of like, but one of neces- 
sity as well. ' A great number of foodstuff's are more apt to con- 
tain the essential nutrients out of which milk and butterfat are 
manufactured by the cow. 

There is no fixed rule to govern the varying of feed. It is 
an art which experience alone develops. The feeder must con- 
stantly study bis cows to learn just bow much feed and the 
kind of ration that will enable each cow to produce the most abun- 
dantly and profitablv. He must give her at all times just what 
she needs to keep up her strength, energy and milk output. 

For instance, if the cow increases in flesh as the milking 
season progresses, she should be fed less strongly with corn, corn 
silage, timothy hay, corn stover, hominy meal or other food rich 
in carbohydrates and given a little more food that is rich in pro- 
tein. If a cow gets too fat she becomes lazy and does not produce 
the quantity of' milk that she should from the food, consumed. 

On the other hand, if she loses flesh, which cows usually do 
when crowded to the limit of their production, decrease the supply 
of such foods as alfalfa and clover hay, oil meal, ground oats, 
gluten feed, bran, Ajax Flakes, pea meal, cottonseed meal, beet 
pulp and other feeds rich in protein, and feed more corn silage, 




W -3 



£3 



M 



a 

«; « 
O 
-I 




T3 t3 



ss 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



37 



etc. These feeds tend to stimulate enormous milk production 
even at the expense of the cow's body if she is a good dairy cow. 

In the summer, when pastures get poor, the cow's milk yield 
will dwindle unless she is given feed. It is poor policy to deny 
the cow the feed she needs. She will pay for the cost of the 
feed and more in increased volume of milk and butter. 

Some liberal feeders, on the other hand, are apt to give their 
cows so much feed that they become too fat and give less milk 
as a result. This does not pay. Either the grain should be 
reduced gradually, or a feed containing more protein substituted 
for some of the feed which has an abundance of carbohydrates. 

It is possible to feed cows entirely upon the foodstuffs raised 
upon the farm, consisting of perhaps timothy hay, corn stover 
and corn meal ; but the feeder who confines his cow's rations to 
these feeds cannot expect to get the greatest possible profit out 
of his cows. Such a ration might do for a cow that yields only 
140 pounds of butterfat per year. For cows that are "large milk 
producers, especially cows with the ability of producing 1,000 
pounds of butter per year, a concentrated feed is needed to pro- 
vide enough nutrients for the enormous supply required. 

Lessons from the Feeding of the 1,000-pound Cows 

It is interesting to study the manner in which the world's 
champion cows were fed and see with what a large variety of 
foodstuffs they were provided. Had not these successful feeders 
considered such a procedure necessary, they would not have 
troubled themselves to give their cows more than one or two 
kinds of feed. 

In every case they were careful to give a variety of tempting 
feed. Without exception the rations contain corn silage and 
clover hay as roughage and a mixture of oil meal, ground oats, 
gluten feed and bran, supplemented in several instances with 
pea meal, Ajax Flakes, cottonseed meal, hominy, corn meal, etc., 
to form the concentrated portion of the ration. 

You will note that the feeders of the big record cows were 
constantly changing the quantity of the ration, adding a little 
corn in the place of another feed or changing the quantity of 
some of the other foodstuffs. They were constantly watching 
their cows, and varying the quantity of the feed as the condition 
of the animal revealed to them the need of it. 

Large Rations Necessary for Large Results 

The great quantity of feed received from day to day by the 
1,000-pound cows may surprise many of our readers. Some may 
find it difficult to understand how it can be profitable to feed cows 



38 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

so large a ration, or how they can be fed for a period so nearly 
to the limit of their capacity without being ruined for future 
work. In every instance, however, the 1,000-pound cows were 
in as good condition after the close of their test as in the begin- 
ning, and were better equipped for milk production than ever 
before because of the great development of their milk-producing 
abilities. 

Every one of these cows is still alive and producing large 
quantities of milk and butterfat. All except one, which was 
always a shy breeder, are bringing strong, vigorous calves to 
their owners each year. 

Jacoba Irene has a most wonderful record of producing a 
calf during each of three consecutive years, and in addition a 
total of over 3,000 pounds of butter. Although Jacoba Irene is 
not being largely fed for another year's work, she is being given 
the feed which she demands to keep herself in good condition, 
and is producing almost, if not quite, as largely as during her 
past years of work, when she produced 1,121 pounds of 85 per 
cent, butter. 



The Cow Must Not be Overfed 

In his eagerness for large production the feeder oftentimes 
overfeeds the cow. In many ways this is more to be condemned 
than underfeeding. Sometimes it ruins the cow's usefulness for 
life. Repeating Mr. Gillette's observation made in a discussion 
of how he had fed Colantha 4th's Johanna, he says : "She did her 
best work on a total grain ration of from 18 to 22 pounds per 
day, showing some falling off the lone week when we increased 
the grain to 24 pounds." This proves that from two to six pounds 
of grain were wasted each day during the week that she received 
the greatest amount of feed. 

Besides, the digestive organs were put under too severe a 
task. Had the ration of Colantha 4th's Johanna been kept at 24 
pounds daily for a long period of time, she would not only have 
been unable to make her great record, but likely her future use- 
fulness would have been ruined, if indeed she had not sickened 
and died. 

By studying the ration fed to the champion cows of the 
world, the manner of preparing cows for freshening and by prac- 
ticing the practical methods of these most successful feeders 
which we have described, any cow owner, farmer, dairyman or 
breeder of dairy cattle will find it possible to greatly increase 
the production of his cows. In fact, the use of these methods 
during the coming year should produce twice as much butterfat 
from the same number of cows as during the past year; and, if 
the output is doubled, profits will be increased all the way from 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 39 

1,000 to 3,000 per cent. — a result surely worth while in this day 
when the prices of all necessities, farm lands, etc., are constantly 
growing". 

Good Care and Management 

No matter how much or how little food is given the cow, 
or what is the character of her ration, she cannot yield a large 
amount of butter unless she is given proper care and management 
and kept under the conditions necessary for her best work. 

Shelter 

Steers produce greater flesh from a given amount of feed 
when allowed to run in an open shed, or even a sheltered barn 
lot, than when tied up in a warm barn. This is probably due to 
the fact that the feed is converted into fat and distributed over 
the body in such a way that they are protected from the cold 
and wind. No doubt this is the secret of the poor showing" made 
by a dairy cow when compelled to remain out in the cold of 
winter. If she is to keep up a satisfactory yield of milk, she 
must use every ounce of food not needed in maintaining- the body 
to make milk. The temperature of the barn should be kept at 
from 45 to- 65 degrees to enable the cow to do her best work. 
If the barn is well built and free from openings which admit 
draughts, it is not a difficult matter to keep the barn at least this 
warm when filled with cows, owing to the great amount of animal 
heat given off. 

Fresh Air and Sunlight 

The milk-producing" nutrients after being digested are car- 
ried from the digestive system to the udder, the cow's milk- 
making factory, by the blood. If this is to be done in a proper 
manner the circulation of the cow must be healthy and the blood 
pure. To keep the blood pure, fresh, pure air containing a suffi- 
cient quantity of oxygen is required. This necessitates good 
ventilation. The air in the cow barn should be automatically 
changed every three or four hours. There are many systems 
which can be installed in the barn when it is being built, main 
among which is the King System. 

As a rule, however, the barns are already present on the 
farm. The chief fault of most of them is that they lack window 
space. For every cow there ought to be a window area of six 
square feet to let in sunshine, light and fresh air when necessary. 
By covering every other window in the barn with No. A muslin, 
plenty of air will be admitted at all times and draughts will be 



40 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

prevented. Without doubt this is the best manner of ventilating 
old barns used for the stabling- of dairy cows. 

Too many cow barns are dark, damp and foul, due to lack 
of window space. In such barns it pays to cut out a window 
space two feet wide and three feet high for each cow. Sunshine 
is the greatest destroyer of germs and the best help in keeping 
the barn dry. With this cheap, efficient method of supplying 
light, sunshine and fresh air, barns, even on rented farms, can be 
converted from incubators of germ diseases into healthful stabling 
quarters. The cows will be kept in better and more vigorous 
health, they will require less feed to keep up their bodies, and, 
other things being equal, will produce 20 to 25 per cent, more milk. 



Feed and Milk Regularly 

No animal on the farm is such a creature of habit as the 
dairy cow. If she gets used to drinking water but once a day, 
it takes quite a time to induce her to drink oftener. Cows accus- 
tomed to being milked at a certain hour of the day will not give 
down their milk at any other time. For this reason the best 
results can be obtained when regular hours and methods are used 
in the feeding, milking and caring for the cows. 

No noise or confusion should be permitted around a cow. 
She does not control the giving down of her milk at milking 
time. The milk flow is governed by the nervous system. Cruelty 
and excitement affect the cow's nervous system in such a way 
that she cannot give down her milk in a normal manner. 



Fall the Best Time for Freshening 

On the average farm the great majority of dairy cows 
freshen in the springtime. If all the advantages of freshening 
in the fall were understood, this condition would be reversed. 
When the cow freshens in the fall she goes into winter conditions 
during her period of greatest daily yield. Prices are at their 
highest level and profits the greatest. At this time of the year 
the farmer has plenty of time to give to the feeding and care 
of his cows. In the spring there is farm work of all sorts to be 
done and the cow usually gets scant attention. 

When spring comes and the fall-freshened cow is beginning 
to decline in her milk flow, the effect of the green pasturage is 
to again freshen her so that she has a g'ood yield all through the 
spring and early summer. By the time the period of heat and 
flies has come she has rounded out a far greater production than 
if she had freshened in the spring. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 4 1 

She is dry during the hot summer months or harvest, when 
even the cow freshening in the spring is dry or almost dry, so 
that the time spent in the harvest field will not interfere with her 
annual milk yield. 

On the other hand, the cow that freshens in the spring pro- 
duces her largest yield of milk in May, June and early July before 
heat, flies and dwindling pasturage conspire to cut down her 
daily flow. Before the fall rains renew the pasturage she is 
almost dry. The better pasturage of fall revives her flow a little, 
but she does not return to her former yield. She becomes poor, 
loses vigor and stamina and has not the strength required for a 
large production. Then cold weather sets in with its dry feed, 
tending to cause a still further decline. By the middle of winter 
she has gone dry or is giving so small an amount of milk that 
she is not making any profit. 

It has been conservatively estimated that a cow will produce 
from 15 to 20 per cent, more milk in a year if she freshens in the 
fall than if she freshens in the spring. Told in profits, this means 
two or three times as much net profit for the year's work. 



Taking the Chill from the Water 

The temperature of the cow's body is from 98 to 100 degrees. 
Every drop of cold water that the cow drinks must be brought 
to the temperature of the body by using up expensive feed in 
her digestive apparatus. It pays, therefore, to take the chill 
from the water given the cow by heating it with coal, wood or 
cobs. This is far cheaper than having it done in the cow's body 
with 50-cent corn. 

The Hired Help Problem Solved by Fall Freshening 

The farmer is constantly face to face with the problem of 
getting good hired help. Efficient help demand steady work. 
The farmer as a rule hires men for only the spring, summer and 
fall months, letting them leave during the winter. By having a 
number of cows which freshen in the fall the hired help can be 
kept the year through. 



The Folly of Pasturing Too Early 

Springtime is always welcomed by the farmer becau.se it 
means an end to the winter's work of caring for and feeding the 
cows. So anxious is he to get rid of this work that he often 
turns the cows to pasture before the proper time. Early grass is 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 43 

commonly termed washy, and contains little nutriment. When 
turned off winter feed early in the spring, the cow does not 
always decrease at once in her milk flow. She is stimulated by 
the succulence of the pasture grasses, and for a time produces 
more nutriment in the milk than is contained in the grass she 
eats. In other words, she robs her body as long as she can. This 
quite naturally puts her in a weakened condition — in poor shape 
to go through the summer. 

Eaten down closely so early in the spring, the pastures can- 
not supply the great abundance of food that they could had they 
been given a chance to get a good start. In her weakened con- 
dition, and with the pasture becoming poorer and poorer, the 
weather hotter and the flies pesky, the cow rapidly declines in 
her milk flow, and much profit is sacrificed. 

By the use of the silo, cows can be kept in the barn and lots 
until the pasture grasses have secured a good start and have had 
a chance to store up in their stems and leaves the nourishment 
needed by the cow. When the hot months come around there 
will be still plenty of grass left in the pasture for the cows to 
feed upon. 

When the herd is kept off the pastures until the middle of 
May or the first of June, according to the earliness of the season, 
an increase of from 10 to 20 per cent, in the annual milk yield 
can be obtained. 



Summer Comforts for the Cow that Pay 

It has been proved time and time again by successful dairy- 
men that not only the cow's milk flow but the percentage of but- 
terfat which her milk contains can be increased by little things 
that add to her comfort. 

One of these profit-making comforts is to allow the cow 
to remain in the barn during the heat of the day when the flies 
are at their worst, and feed her with green feed. 

If the herd of cows is large it is a good thing to have a sum- 
mer silo and allow the cow to eat silage during the day and get 
the nutrients she must have. This is scarcely practical where 
only a small herd is kept. Twelve cows will eat only enough 
silage to warrant the use of a nine-foot silo. A building of this 
diameter and of the necessary height is liable to be blown over 
by even a small wind storm. For those who own a small herd 
it is advisable to raise soiling crops on which to feed the cows in 
the daytime. 

In the evening, when it is cooler and the flies are less annoy- 
ing, the cows can "be turned to pasture to graze and exercise. 



44 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

Where green foods are grown, those of a leguminous char- 
acter are the best, because they furnish the protein which stimu- 
lates milk production and takes away the necessity of purchasing 
this necessary and high-priced nutrient. 

The following table illustrates the kinds and amounts of 
feed to provide a herd of 12 with all the green food they can 
consume from the iirst of May to the first of October, when the 
winter silo is ready for use. 

Seed per Time to Time to 

Crop. Acre. Seed. Acres. Feed. 

Rye 2 bus. Sept. 10 ^4 May 15 to June 1. 

Alfalfa 20 lbs. Aug. 12 2)4 June 1 to June 15. 

Clover 20 lbs. Aug. 12 1 June 15 to 25. 

Peas and oats) . . . . T 

each fi^bus. Apr. 15 y A June 25 to July 10. 

Pe e a a S ch and ^"}l/2bus. Apr. 25 f 4 July 10 to July 25. 

Alfalfa, 2d crop 20 lbs. Aug. 12 2)4 July 25 to Aug. 15. 

Sorghum and ] ,, 

cow > 75 , sorg ' Tune 1 V A Aug. 15 to Aug. 30. 

r , 3 pecks peas • y 

peas after rye J v 

Same after peas t j u ] y 2 r Y y 2 Aug. o to s ept . 30 

and oats. . . . J 

This table takes it for granted that alfalfa can be grown. 
This is true over a large portion of the world where alfalfa can 
not be grown, sweet clover fed in a green state takes its place. 
The cows will eat it greedily. Ofttimes it is desirable to allow it 
to take the place of green rye. Only 5^2 acres are needed to 
provide enough green feed to supply 12 cows all summer. 



Fall Management 

There is a second crop of clover and a third crop of alfalfa 
or sweet clover that can be cut and fed during the winter months 
as hay. As fall approaches, the cows which are to freshen must 
be turned dry and put in shape for the next year's work. Those 
that are yet giving milk, or those that freshen in the springtime, 
should be placed in the barn and under winter conditions when 
the first cold rains of fall come, else they will fall away largely 
in their milk flow. 

If there is a silo on the farm it is usually filled in the latter 
part of September and is ready for use at any time. 

We have spoken of the mistake of turning cows to pasturage 
too early in the spring. It is equally as serious a mistake not to 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



45 



put them in the barn early enough in the fall. Every fall rain, 
every cold, disagreeable, windy night has its serious effect upon 
the milk flow and cuts into the profit of the dairymen. 



The Importance of Knowing Each Cow and How 
to Know Her 

In the introduction we mentioned the fact that the farmers 
and dairymen of the United States are milking 14,000,000 cows 
twice a day, spending good money to feed them, devoting many 
hours in their care, and yet are not getting one cent of profit out 
of them. 

Allowing ten minutes for the milking and care of each of 
these cows 700 times a year, it is found that on the average every 








$" 













» H 


P 1 


r 

























4 6 



HALF A TON OF lil'TTFR 



farmer in the United States is spending 27.2 days in work for 
which he gets not one cent of profit. 

It is not the farmer's nature to work for the fun of it. There 
is not a farmer in the United States who will keep feeding and 
milking cows which he knows are not paying for their feed and 
keep. 

There is just one way to account for the fact that he keeps 
on feeding and milking these 14,000,000 unprofitable cows ; that 
is, he does not" realize that he is doing it. He has not learned the 
necessity of knowing the individual cow. 

He is milking good and poor cows alike, giving them the 
same degree of care, not knowing that part or all of the profit he 
is earning from part of his herd is being wasted because some of 
the remainder are not even paying for their feed. 

There is only one way to find out which cow is a profit- 
maker and which should be fattened and butchered without delay, 
and it is not hard to learn and practice. That way is by the 
Babcock test, the scales and the milk sheet. 

By this method the poor cow can be detected very quickly, 
and at the same time the milk and butter production of each cow 
is known at the end of each month. 

Not only are the poor cows found, but the good ones as well, 
so that the owner knows from which cows to save his heifer 
calves. When this is accomplished he has taken a big step toward 
doubling the production of his herd, provided the head of his 
herd is a sire whose maternal ancestry was of the highly pro- 
ductive dairy type. 




Fig. 1 
Milk Scale 



The Scales and the Milk Sheet 



For the quick and convenient weighing of the 
milk there are many kinds of scales on the market 
which will do if they weigh correctly. The 
handiest kind is shown in illustration Fig. 1. 

It costs from $3 to $4, will weigh up to 60 
pounds, and is substantial enough to keep accu- 
rate for many years. To weigh each cow's milk is 
the work of a few seconds. It takes but a second 
or two more to record the weight on the milk 
sheet, a most practical form of which is shown on 
page 45- 

The sheet is so ruled that each cow's name ap- 
pears at the top of her own column, and each day's 
milk yield, both morning and evening, can be put 
down. At the bottom of the page are spaces for 
the month's total of pounds, the average butterfat 
test and the total pounds of butterfat. This is 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



47 




found by multiplying 1 the total amount of milk by the percentage 
•of butterfat shown in the average test for the month. By the 
use of this sheet each cow's exact work is known. There is no 
guesswork about which cow is the good cow and which is less 
profitable. 

The Babcock Test 

To determine the richness of milk in butterfat it is necessary 
to take a sample of each milking for at least two days a month. 
Have a clean half- 
pint bottle for each 
cow, place in the bottom 
of it a corrosive subli- 
mate tablet to keep the 
milk from sourin g. 
Mark each bottle 
"poison," for the tablets 
are poison, and write 
the cow's name or 
number on the bottle 
provided for her. After 
each cow is milked and 
the weight recorded on 
the milk sheet, pour the 
milk from one pail to 
another to thoroughlv 
remix the cream which has raised during the milking. Then, 
with the dipper shown in Fig. 3, take a sample and pour it in 
the proper bottle. Repeat this for four milkings, and each 
bottle will contain a mixture of milk, representing a true test 
of the richness of the cow's milk. Such samples should be taken 
each month. 

Fig. 2 shows one of the several forms of the Babcock tester. 
These testers can be purchased from any creamery supply house 
in sizes ranging from one large enough to test four cows, up to 
one large enough to test 24 cows at one time. To make the test 
requires but 15 to 20 minutes. The whole outfit, scales, dipper, 
milk sheets for a year, glassware, tester, corrosive sublimate 
tablets, acid and everything else necessary, can be purchased for 
about $10. 

It Pays to Take Time to Test the Milk 

The time that is needed to carefully watch what each cow 
is doing is very profitably spent. The time taken, in fact, is 
far less than is wasted in milking poor cows. This work can be 
turned over to the boy or girl and given them as a regular chore. 
They will probably do it more accurately and regularly than some 
one else who has lots of other things to think about. 



Fig. 2 — Babcock Milk Tester 



4 8 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



It is excellent training for the boy or girl — gives them prac- 
tical problems in adding and multiplying, and also interests them 
in the work of the farm. It is the writer's belief that in the near 
future every country school will teach its pupils how 
to weigh, sample, test and keep records of the cows on 
the farm. Already some of the more progressive 
schools are doing this very thing with most gratifying 
results. 

In one Iowa high school the students were requested 
to bring samples of milk from home on certain days 
for a month. One 12-year-old boy whose parents 
owned but one cow began keeping account of the 
cow's production. He had also been taught quite a 
little about feeding. His mother reluctantly gave him 
permission to purchase the feed and feed the cow for 
one month. At the end of the month he was able to 
show that he had saved $1 in the cost of feed and that 
the cow had produced $3 worth of milk and butterfat 
more than the preceding months. 

The dairyman who will decide to test his cows will 
be just as surprised as was the mother of this wide- 
awake boy. In a year's time he will learn some most 
surprising facts about his cows. He will quite likely 
find standing side by side, under the very same condi- 
tions which he has fed and milked with equal care, two 
cows, one of which has produced 100 pounds of butter 
FlG - 3 and the other 400 pounds. Sell this butter at 28 cents 

Milk and _7 ^ 

cream per pound. The income of the one will be $28 and 

Dipper r 

the other $112. 

Suppose it cost but the small sum of $27 to feed each of these 
cows ; $1 profit would be realized on the first cow and $85 on the 
second. Had her feed cost twice as much as the feed of number 
one, or $54, she would have still earned $58 — fifty-eight times as 
much profit as that earned by the first cow. 

There are few dairymen who have weighed and tested their 
milk who have not found this very thing. In many instances it 
has been found that one cow is making more profit than all the 
other cows combined. Another lesson learned by locating the 
profitable cows is that they are invariably of the same type and 
conformation — what may be termed the extreme dairy type of 
cow, which devote the food they consume toward milk and buttef 
production rather than to beef. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



49 



The Sacrifice of Not Knowing the Ability of 
Each Cow 

In addition to the lost opportunity of greatly increasing 
profits from dairy products, other great possibilities of profit are 
sacrificed in not knowing the individual cow. 

Who can tell how many cows have lived and died with 
possibilities of half a ton per year butter production in them which 
were never developed? 

Jacoba Irene, the Jersey cow that made the marvelous 
record of 3,148.8 pounds of butter in three years, was sold as an 
ordinary good pure-bred cow. The prices on such an animal vary 
from $85 to $200. 

Relative to her present value, Mr. Auten, her owner, says, 
"I have no fixed price on her, but she is paying me big interest 
on an investment of $10,000 per annum." Had her former owner 
known her future prospects, it is certain that he would not have 
sold her for $200 and kept in his herd other cows which were 
earning perhaps little above the cost of their feed. 

A similar instance occurred when Yeska Sunbeam, one of the 
1,000-pound cows, was sold to her present owner for $75 or $85. 

Missy of the Glen, who has a record of 1,113 pounds of 
butter in 365 days, was purchased in her younger days for $75. 

The owner of Colantha 4th's Johanna saw in her a big future, 
yet he was led to sell her bull calf prior to her record for $300. 
After her record had been made, he bought back this bull for 
$2,000 and resold him to head one of the greatest Holstein herds 
in the world, for $8,000 cash. 

These instances show the possibilities that exist in every 
herd of dairy cows, and which can be realized by following the 
methods for finding and developing the good cow, as set forth 
in this book. 

Building Up a Better Herd 

We have considered thus far the immediate improvement of 
the cows now owned on the farm. 

We have seen that it is possible to double the butter pro- 
duction of the herd by better care and feeding of the cows. Just 
as surely can the production be increased by at least another 50 
per cent, by the use of sires whose mothers are of the productive 
dairy type and by raising the calves to cowhood in the proper 
manner. 

It has been found that the proper selection of a sire will re- 
sult in cows capable of producing 100 pounds more butter per 
year than their mothers. On the contrary, if the sire is not of 
good dairy strain, the cow reared and fed under the same con- 
ditions will produce less butter than the mother. 



50 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

How to Select a Sire 

It can be readily seen, therefore, that too much care cannot 
be given the selection of the bull to head the herd. Never should 
a grade or a scrub bull be used. In many instances the scrub ani- 
mal may present as good an appearance as a pure-bred sire ; his 
mother, too, may be of very attractive appearance, and yet the 
poor milk-yielding traits of some remote ancestor may be trans- 
mitted to the offspring because of the laws of reversion. 

There is no danger of this kind if a pure-bred bull is used. 
For hundreds of years intelligent breeders have been developing 
a strain of dairy cows to consume a large amount of food and 
convert every possible ounce of it into milk and butterfat. 



Which Breed 

There are four breeds of dairy cows: Holstein, Ayrshire, 
Jersey and Guernsey. That each of these breeds has produced 
1,000-pound cows proves that there are good cows in all of them. 
The personal like and dislike of the breeder and the conditions 
on his farm should, therefore, govern his choice. If he has a 
preference for one of the dairy breeds he will accomplish better 
results by sticking to that particular breed. Once he has selected 
a sire of that breeding', he should follow up generation after gen- 
eration with the same blood lines. In the course of six gen- 
erations his herd will be practically pure bred. The rapidity 
with which a pure-bred dairy sire builds up the herd to a high 
grade is shown in the following table : 







Per Cent. 


Per Cent. 


Generation. 


Blood. 


Improved. 


Unimproved 


1 


V* 


50 


50 


2 


y* 


75 


25 


3 


% 


87-5 


12.5 


4 


15/16 


93-75 


6.25 


5 


31/3 2 


96.87 


3.12 


6 


63/64 


98.43 


1.56 



Ofttimes the use of pure-bred dairy cows is desired, but as 
a rule it costs too much to buy a herd of pure-bred cows. An 
excellent plan is to select good sires, breed up the herd which is 
on the farm, and perhaps select one pure-bred cow. Raise her 
heifer calves carefully year after year. A splendid pure-bred 
registered dairy herd will result in a surprisingly short time. As 
an illustration on this point, the writer knows one of the most 
popular breeders of dairy cattle in the United States who boasts 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 5 1 



of the fact that he bought only one cow — Golden Eye — which 
cost him when she was young- $300. In a single sale he sold 90 
head of cows, calves, etc., all the descendants of this one cow, for 
$8,000. Since that time he has sold six head of calves for $550. 
The number of descendants from the cow up to 1907 was be- 
tween six and seven hundred. 

From the products and offspring of this one cow he has paid 
for his farm and raised his family. He still has on his farm one 
granddaughter of the old original cow. She is now twenty years 
old and has produced for him a dozen calves. To' use his own 
words : "She has been what would be called a first-class dairy cow 
for eighteen years." All this has resulted from the use of good 
sires which he purchased from time to time, the selection of one 
most excellent and well-bred cow to be used as a foundation, and 
the careful raising and care of the female offspring. 

Raising Calves 

We have previously described the preparation of the cow 
for freshening so as to insure healthy, strong, vigorous calves. 
The calf should be allowed to remain with its mother for the first 
two or three days in order to get a good start. After this time 
it should be taken away from its mother, placed in a warm, dry, 
ventilated stall and fed three pounds of warm, whole milk, direct 
from the cow, three times a day for two weeks. At the end of 
this time it should be fed five pounds of milk twice a day. Skim- 
med milk can gradually be substituted for the whole milk, taking- 
about two' weeks to make the change. 

When the calf is four weeks old it should do well on a 
ration of skimmed milk, in each feeding of which is placed a tea- 
spoonful of soluble blood flour. This takes away all danger from 
scours and supplies the calf with bone and muscle-growing ma- 
terial. 

At about this age the calf begins to desire some solid material 
in conjunction with the milk. It should be given access to clover 
or alfalfa hay and a regular feeding of grain. 

It is customary for calves to suck each other's ears after 
drinking milk. This harmful habit can be overcome by feeding 
the calves their grain immediately after they drink their milk. 
The quickest way to' teach them to eat and to overcome this habit 
is to place a small handful of grain in the mouth of the calf im- 
mediately after it drinks its milk. 

A good grain mixture for the calf whose digestive apparatus 
is at this time in a state of development is equal parts of whole 
oats, cracked corn, bran and oil meal. 

Care should be taken not to overfeed the calf with skimmed 
milk. Too many feeders believe that because the butter has been 



52 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

% 

tr.ken out of the milk a great amount of the skimmed milk should 
be given. As a result many calves sicken and die. During the 
first six weeks of the calf's life it should never receive more than 
io pounds of milk daily, and never more than 20 to 24 pounds a 
day, even up to the time it is six months of age. 

When given too much milk the youngster will not eat grain 
and hay. As a result it does not grow or develop into as good 
a cow as when less milk is fed. 

When six months of age the heifer may be taken off milk 
entirely and given all the clover or alfalfa hay and growing green 
foods she can eat until she is 24 to 26 months old. when she 
should freshen into the cowhood stage. 

The Best Age to Sell Calves 

It seldom pays to keep dairy-bred bull calves longer than four 
weeks unless their breeding is such that they can be sold at a 
good price for breeding purposes. To raise them for steers is not 
wise. Having been bred along dairy lines they will not bring 
enough as yearlings or 2-year-olds to pay for the feed they have 
consumed. Sold at the age of four weeks, the calf will demand a 
large enough price upon the veal market to guarantee a goodly 
profit. 

What Denmark's Dairymen Have Done 

That the average butter yield of American cows can be 
raised a great deal above its present amount of 140 pounds per 
cow is shown by what has been done in Denmark. 

Thirty-five years ago the average production of cows in 
Denmark was 120 pounds. With the aid of the government it 
was soon demonstrated that far greater results were possible 
in improved dairying. Co-operative testing associations were 
formed, each association hiring a man to go the rounds of its 
members and test the milk yielded by each cow. The farmers 
were enabled to get rid of their poor cows and learned how to 
feed their good cows for best milk results. As a result we find 
the cows of Denmark producing to-day 240 pounds of butter 
each year. This means that the amount of butter has been 
doubled because each farmer gave special attention to each indi- 
vidual cow and cared for her in such a way as to get the most 
out of her. 

The American farmer lacks none of the intelligence and 
industry, ambition and progressiveness of the farmer of Den- 
mark or of any other country. Just as fast as he will adopt 
these same careful, systematic methods which we have outlined, 
so fast will the production of America's cows be doubled and 
even trebled. 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 53 

What One Dairy Farmer Has Done 

We have described in detail the methods which have brought 
success to the leading feeders and dairymen. We have seen 
what careful methods will do for the grade cow as well as for 
the pure-bred animal. There is not a farmer or a dairyman in 
the country who cannot profit by the methods we have outlined. 
The writer is acquainted with a Hollander who came to America 
without a penny. After several years of work as a hired hand 
he started to work a farm "on shares." The owner furnished 
him everything except the horses, and gave him half. The first 
year he kept no records of the dairy herd. He figured that each 
cow had brought him a gross income of $28.50. Realizing that 
this had barely paid for the feed, he decided to become better 
acquainted with each cow of the herd. By weighing and testing 
the milk he found out the good cows, fed them better and sub- 
stituted their heifer calves for the poor cows. The next year 
the return per cow was $36, the following year $41.20, the fourth 
year $45.84 and last year $53.01. The net profit returned by 
each cow last year was $36.09, counting the value of the skim milk. 

Had this dairyman been content with the production of his 
cows, as are thousands of farmers and dairymen, he would have 
kept on milking cows that brought him an income of $28 each 
year. 

To-day he is making an average net profit on each cow of 
$36.09. 

Surely it will pay the reader to take the time to know his 
cows and put into practice the successful methods of care and 
feeding which we have described. 

Dairying Compared With Grain Farming 

While the land that supports the dairy herd grows richer 
each year, the farms which are devoted to growing and market- 
ing grain are growing constantly poorer and less productive. 
With every ton of corn that is sold off the farm for $18 to $20, 
$6.50 of fertility is carried away. A ton of wheat worth $35 
removes $7.50 worth of fertility. A ton of beef worth at the 
present high prices $150 to $200 takes with it about $17 worth 
of richness. But a ton of butter worth to-day $600 takes with 
it only 49 cents' worth of fertilizing ingredients. 

Feed that is rich in protein produces manure of the greatest 
fertility value. As large milk production demands foods con- 
taining a large percentage of this nutrient, the dairy cow returns 
to the soil many, many times the fertility she takes from it. 



54 HALF A TON OF BUTTER 

Dairying Remaking New England Farms 

For many years thousands of acres of farm lands in New- 
England have lain barren, stripped of the natural fertility that 
was stored up in them, by the thoughtless farmer, until they 
could no longer secure a livelihood. Reduced .to poverty, the 
farmer was compelled to abandon his farm and seek employment 
in the cities. By the aid of the dairy cow these farms are being 
reclaimed. Their owners are building up bank accounts faster 
than ever before. 

The Dairy Cow a Home Builder 

Thus it is seen that by ability of bringing a constant profit 
and of enrichening the soil the cow is, more than any other 
animal, a home builder. 

The grain farmer grow r s and markets his crops, depriving 
the soil of its fertility, with a consideration of immediate gain 
only. He works his farm during the crop-growing season, mar- 
kets his grain and has little interest in the farm until another 
season. His thought is not to make home comfortable, but to 
accumulate enough to retire and move to town. 

The dairy farmer, on the other hand, has a good-paying 
business the whole year through. The same pride that he takes 
in building up his herd and his farm leads him to make the most 
comfortable home at his command for himself and his family. 



Index 



Page 
A 

Adelaide of Beechland's record 21 

Age to sell calves 52 

Air treatment 31 

Air treatment outfit 31 

Ajax Flakes 34 

Alfalfa hay 34 

Average yearly butter yield 5 

B 

Babcock test 7, 46, 47 

Balanced ration 13 

Barn, temperature of 39 

Bran 31 

Breed to select 50 

Building up the herd 49 

Bulk in food 34 

Butterfat record 12, 17 

Butter yield, average yearly 5 

Butter yield, increasing 5, 28 

c 

Calf, feeding 51 

Calf, four weeks old 51 

Calf raising 51 

Calf, ration for 51 

Calf, unborn 29 

Calf, weaning 32 

Calves, age to sell 52 

Care, need of good 28, 39 

Changing quantity of ration 37 

Chemistry of dairying 48 

Colantha 4th's Johanna's record 11 

Comforts, summer : 43 

Concentrated food 37 

Co-operative testing associations .... 52 

Cows, grade 25 

Cows, history of great 8 

Cows, number in United States 5 

Cows, pure bred 24 

Cows, record-making 6 

Cows, wealth from 5 

D 

Dairy cow as a home builder 54 

Dairy type cow 48 

Dairying, profitless 46 

Dairying versus grain farming 53 

Dairymaidof Pinehurst's record.... 23 

Danish dairymen 52 

Determining quantity of feed 33 

Digestive apparatus of cow 34 

Digestive system 29 

Dolly Dimple's record 17 

E 

Early pasturing 41 

Economy in feeding 35 

Effect of feeding during tests 38 



Page 
F 

Factors in production of milk 9 

Fall freshening, advantages 40 

Fall feeding 44 

Fall management 44 

Fat estimate 16 

Fat producing foods 35 

Feed, grinding 34 

Feed table 16, 18, 44 

Feeding 2 g 

Feeding, after effects 38 

Feeding calf 5 1 

Feeding cow after weaning 33 

Feeding during resting time 29 

J'eeding economy 35 

Feeding, fall 44 

Feeding for a record u 

Feeding for future work 38 

Feeding limit 33 

Feeding regularly 40 

Feeding, summer 37 

Feeding, variety in 35 

Food, bulk in 34 

Food, concentrated 37 

Food, palatable 33 

Food, need of '.'. 28 

Foods, milk producing 37 

Foods, fat producing 35 

Four weeks old calf 51 

Flies 43 

Fresh air 39 

Freshening '. 38 

Freshening, fall 40 

Freshening period 28 

Freshening, spring 40 

Full feed j 2 

G 

Good care 30 

Good management 39 

Grade cows 25 

Grain farming 53 

Grain, ration .'. 38 

Green rye \ 44 

Grinding feed 34 

H 

Heat, protection from 43 

Heifer, feeding 52 

Help problem solved 41 

History of great cows 8 

I 
Increasing butter yield 5, 28 

J 

Jacoba Irene's record 15 

Jersey Y's record 26 



55 



56 



HALF A TON OF BUTTER 



Page 

K 

King system of circulation g 

Knowing each cow 45 

L 

Large rations 37 

Limit of feeding 33 

Loss by not testing 49 

M 

Maximum output 35 

Methods, better 28 

Methods, successful 6 

Milk, factors in production of 9 

Milk fever 31 

Milk fever, symptoms 31 

Milk flow 32 

Milk flow, stimulating 32 

Milk producing foods 37 

Milk record 12, 17 

Milk scales 46 

Milk sheet 46 

Milk yield, secrets of high 39 

Mi'king regularly 40 

Mixed ration 37 

Molly W's record 25 

N 

Need of care 28 

Need of food 28 

Number of cows in United States. .. 5 

o 

Oil meal 31 

Olga 4th's Pride's record 19 

Overfeeding 37, 38 

Overfeeding calf 51 

Over-run 7 

P 

Palatable food 33 

Pasturing too early 41 

Profitless dairying 46 

Proper feeding 29 

Proper sire 40 

Protection from heat 43 

Protein 29 

Pure-bred bull 50 

Pure-bred cow 24, 51 

Q 

Quantity, changing 37 

Quantity of feed, determining 03 

Quietness 40 

R 

Raising calves 51 

Ration, balanced 13 

Ration for calf 51 

Pation for resting period 29 

Ration, grain 38 

Pation, mixed 37 

Ration, raising 33 

Rations, feeding large 37 

Reclaiming worn-out farms 54 

Record cows' value 11 

Record-making cows 6 

Record of Adelaide of Beechlands. . . 21 

Record of Dairymaid of Pinehurst. . . 23 

Record of Dolly Dimple 17 



Page 

Record of grade cows 25, 26 

Record of Jacoba Irene 15 

Record of Colantha 4th's Johanna.. 11 

Record of Olga 4th's Pride 19 

Record of Yeska Sunbeam 9 

Records 7 

Regularity 40 

Results of tests 8 

Result of too much milk ;: 

s 

Scales, milk 46 

Secret of high milk yield 39 

Selecting a breed 50 

Selecting a sire 50 

Selling calves 52 

Sheet, milk 45 

Shelter 39 

Sheltering early 45 

Silage 29, 31 

Silo 43, 44 

Silo, summer 43 

Sire, proper 49 

Sire, selecting a 50 

Six months old heifer 52 

Skim-milk 51, 52 

Soiling crops 43 

Spring freshening, disadvantages.... 41 

Steers 39 

Stimulating milk flow 32 

Sucking ears 51 

Summer comforts 43 

Summer feeding 37 

Summer silo 43 

Sunlight 39 

Symptoms of milk fever 31 

T 

Table, feed 16, 18, 44 

Temperature of barn 39 

Test, Babcock 7, 46, 47 

Testing 53 

Testing each cow 46 

Testing outfit 47 

Tests, resu'ts of S 

Testing, time required 47 

Testing, value of 48 

Tests 7 

Time for testing 47 

V 

Value of quietness 40 

Value of record cows 11 

Value of testing cows 48 

Variety in feeding 35 

Ventilation 39 

w 

Water 32, 41 

Wealth from cows 5 

Weaning calf 32 

Weeding out the herd 46 

Windows 39 

Worn-out farms 54 

Y 

Yearly butterfat record 12, 17 

Yearly milk record 12, 17 

Yeska Sunbeam's record 9 



A LIST OF THE 

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Published by the 

WILMER ATKINSON CO. 



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